\f1 \fs22 The Etruscan city of Perugia stood at the junction of important routes to Latium, northern Etruria,
and the Adriatic coast. Livy, a Latin writer of the first century BC, refers to it as one of the Etruscan centers of the \b \cf4 \ATXht19 dodecapolis\b0 \cf0 \ATXht0 . It attained its maximum splendor between the fourth and third centuries. It was destr
oyed and set on fire by Octavian in 42 BC and subsequently rebuilt from scratch by the Romans. Of particular interest are the remains of the city wall constructed out of blocks of \b \cf1 \ATXht20 travertine\b0 \cf0 \ATXht0 , the Gate of Mars, the so-cal
led <<Arch of Augustus,>> and the hypogeum of the Volumni.\par
